False rumor, prejudice, blind spots ; a rumor of the economy 1

 

＜　Hyperinflation in Zimbabwe　＞

In this series, I will introduce some dangerous opinions that we accept everything on faith, and viewpoints that we don’t usually notice.

About “In world history, there had never been any nation was bankrupted for an accumulated debt.”

Many countries ruined in the past, but we didn’t surely hear the story that a nation was bankrupted for an accumulated debt.

However, many countries could not deal with increasing government expenses and meddled with every reckless measure and disappeared from the history finally.

このシリーズでは、鵜呑みにすれば危険な説や、日頃気づかない視点などを取り上げます。

「歴史上、累積債務で国家が潰れることは無かった」について

過去、多くの国は滅亡していったが、確かに累積債務により潰れた話は聞かない。

しかし、多くの国が増加一途の財政支出を賄えず、あらゆる無謀な策に手を出し、最後は歴史から消えて行きました。

＜　Hyperinflation in Germany　＞

The Roman Empire and the Edo government repeated a recoinage, and inflation became common. Indeed, there is only nothing.

Germany after World War I printed paper money too much and became the hyperinflation.

France of the Middle Ages performed a barratry, a tax increase, an enormous debt in order to over the financial lack.

The King didn’t pay the debt one-sidedly repeatedly.

The merchant who bought a special privilege invited an economic disparity and a rigidification of the economy.

And the government clerk who increased invited a severe raising tax.

These disordered and exhausted the society, and tormented the common people among other things.

It has been a part of the reason for an internal insurrection, a revolution, and being invaded.

In the end, a fate of the country would run out.

ローマ帝国や幕府は改鋳を繰り返し、インフレが日常化して行きました（それだけではないが）。

第一次大戦後のドイツは紙幣を刷りすぎてハイパーインフレになりました。

中世フランスでは財源不足を補う為に官職売買、増税、莫大な借金をした。

王は繰り返し一方的に金利と元金の踏み倒しを行った。

特権を買った商人や増えた官吏は、経済の硬直化と不平等、苛酷な増税につながった。

これらは社会を混乱・疲弊させ、とりわけ庶民を苦しめた。

このことが革命やファシズムを招き、また侵略される一因となり国の命運が尽きることになった。

＜　Financial crisis of Greece　＞

Almost all feudal domains and the Edo government at the Meiji Restoration didn’t pay the enormous debt (military currency), just like the Japanese Government after World War II.

After World War II, each country including an international organization and EU cooperated and came to help a debt of one country.

However, the country must accept the sudden poverty like Greece.

Furthermore, Will neighboring countries and the world help Japan having an enormous debt?

The history teaches us that reckless debt predisposition does not have the future.

There is not childlike economic theory that a nation can get in debt at will by.

Because there is not a pain if a reflationary policy go well, its result is happy, but becomes more miserable if it fail.

With the current economics, it is difficult to control an interest rate, inflation, and currency exchange.

Therefore a reflationary policy is a thing such as a kind of gambling.

明治維新の各藩や幕府、大戦後の日本政府も莫大な借金（軍票）を踏み倒した。

第二次世界大戦後は、国際機関やEUなど各国が連携し、一国の負債を助け合うようになりました。

しかし、その国はギリシャのように急激に訪れる困窮に耐えなければなりません。

ましてや、負債の規模が大きい日本を世界や隣国は助けてくれるでしょうか。

歴史は私達に、無謀な借金体質に未来がないことを教えています。

借金し放題の無邪気な経済理論はありません。

リフレ策はうまく行けば痛みが供はないので良いのですが、失敗すれば破綻が生じます。

現在の経済学では、金利やインフレ、為替を思い通りに制御するのは困難で、リフレ策は一種の博打のようなものです。

Birth of primitive art : A table of contents and abstract

I show the list of a series " Birth of primitive art “.

please look at  page of “ Birth of primitive art “.

連載「原初美術の誕生１～１７話」を一覧にしています。

どうぞ「原初美術の誕生」ページを見て下さい。

 

 　

　　　

　

　　

　　

The spring festival in Awaji island. ： In Ise Kuruma shrine ２

< The gold leaf of the portable shrine shines by reflecting sunlight. >

Following last time, I introduce a spring festival.

前回に続いて、春祭りを御案内します。

＜　A precinct of the shrine was full of families.　＞

There were many open-air stalls.

＜ One of the standard food is Takoyaki(octopus dumpling)　＞

＜　A girl is absorbed in scooping goldfish.　＞

＜　Children is punishing a Tengu(long-nosed goblin).　＞

＜　Children show mutually some snacks which they have been given.　＞

One day of the spring festival passed in this way.

The child and the family leave recollections, and the adult recalls vernal years.

The small town that had been placed between green mountains and the turquoise ocean became hot.

こうして春祭りの1日は、子供や家族には思い出、大人には青春が甦り、時は過ぎて行く。

緑濃い山と碧い海に挟まれた小さな町が熱くなりました。

The spring festival in Awaji island. ： In Ise Kuruma shrine 1

 

<  Danjiri  >

On May 5, this year, I went to the shrine in north Awaji.

“Danjiri” means a float of a festival.

There are Danjiri of about 300 in this island.

In this time, these parade from each town to a shrine everywhere.

今年5月5日、淡路市の神社に行きました。

この時期、島内では３百台もの「だんじり」が町から神社へと練り歩きます。

＜　Draugh- Danjiri　＞

Children play at the periphery of the Danjiri.

Children inside it have been sounding a drum and some bells.

子供達が周りで遊び、中では太鼓と鐘を打ち鳴らしている。

＜　Children draw a Danjiri.　＞

＜　Hutonn Danjiri. Hutonn means a Japanese-style bedding, is red thing on top of Danjiri. 　＞

Many bearers sway the Danjiri up and down, and two women beat time on top of it.

Saying “ cyo--sa,cyo--sa”

The festive mood was rising to fever pitch.

担ぎ手がだんじりを上下に揺らし、上では女子がはやし立てる。

「ちょーさ。ちょーさ。」と。

盛り上がる一時。

＜　bearers have grimace of pain　＞

Men drink alcohol, are sweating, and squeeze out voice and power.

The bearers become one with Danjiri. 　

.

男達は、酒を飲み、汗にまみれ、声と力を絞り出す。

担ぎ手が一つになるとき。]

＜　in the precincts of a shrine　＞

The bearers came front the shine and put Danjiri, then they faithfully drive off the ill luck.

Then, they recited praying for people's safety this year all together.

Next time is followed.

ひとしきり境内で練ると、神妙な面持ちで神主の厄払いを受ける。

その後、皆で今年1年を祈願し謡う。

次回に続きます。

Something is strange. 20： What of the constitution is important? ２

 

We look at an arms buildup that is primary aim of constitutional revision.

Concerning the arms buildup.

Although the ninth article " renunciation of war, denial of armaments and the right of belligerency" of the present constitution is ideal, there is a problem in an interpretation.

Let's see the world for reference.

l       Isn't an army needed?  Of course, it is required.

Many countries that had intended to invade appeared ever.

Probably, it will be impossible to solve all peacefully.

l       Does an army bring about adversity?  It might become occasionally so.

An army becomes easily jingoistic, and to be used for political change.

There is a side in which a military alliance makes it easy to war, like the two World Wars.

An arms race, rather than deterrence, is in the tendency that increases the cost of war and each other's fighting spirit.

Familiar example

Without weapon, the Peacekeeping Force (PKO) of the United Nations and the police in a nation are powerless.

On the other hand, if gun possession becomes free, the country will become danger more.

改憲派の主要目的である軍備増強について考えます。

軍備について

現憲法の第九条「戦争の放棄、軍備及び交戦権の否認」は理想的ですが、解釈に問題があります。

少し世界から、何が重要かを見ます。

＊         軍隊はいらないのか？　　　もちろん必要です。

侵略を意図した国は数多く出現し、すべて平和裡に解決することは不可能でしょう。

＊　軍隊は災いとなるか？　　大いになることがあります。

軍隊は好戦的になりやすく、政変に利用されやすい。

両大戦のように軍事同盟は戦争をしやすくする側面があります。

軍拡競争は抑止よりも、戦費と互いの戦意を増す傾向にあります。

身近な例

武器を持たない国連の平和維持軍や警察は非力です。

一方、銃所持が自由になれば、その国はより安全ではなくなります。

＜　Japanese troops entered into Nanjing castle　＞

Let's somewhat consider an actual problem.

＊What should we be done in order to oppose the missile of North Korea?

Although we want to make an interception system perfect, it is imperfect even if it uses several tens trillion yen.

It will be endless if the opponent increases false warheads and a number of it.

＊What was a Cold War between U.S. and Soviet?  The nuclear warhead, the missile race, the proxy war of neighboring countries etc.

Immense fund and resources were spent on the arms race, and also live and life of many peoples in neighboring countries were lost, and the scar is not yet recovered.

Decision of American Presidents, Kennedy and Nixon, and Presidents of the Soviet Union put an end to it.

The hand was grasped although both nations mutually were afraid as the cruel enemy.

少し現実問題を考えてみましょう。

＊　北朝鮮のミサイルに対抗するには、どのようにすれば良いのでしょうか？

迎撃システムを完全にすれば良いのですが、数十兆円を使っても不完全です。相手が疑似弾頭や数を増やせば、きりがない。

＊         米ソ冷戦（核弾頭やミサイル競争、周辺国の代理戦争）はどうだったでしょうか。

軍拡競争に莫大な資金・資源が費やされ、さらに発展途上国の多くの人命と暮らしが失われ、その傷痕は未だ癒えない。

それに終止符を打ったのは、米国のケネデイー、ニクソンとソ連の両大統領の英断でした。

あれほど互いに凶悪な敵と恐れていたにも関わらず、手を握ったのです。

＜　Nixon and Mao Tse-Tung　＞

l       What should the army of Japan be?

＊The Self-Defense Forces are required.

＊We should avoided the collective security and the arms race that has a purpose of threat and deterrence against neighboring nations.

The conclusion

Only way that our world reduces war should aim at the Self-Defense Forces in the world from it of each nation.

The present constitution in Japan has forbidden using the force for one nation's convenience.

But neither the right of self-defense nor the assistance of the U.N. forces (PKO etc.) is denied.

A series " Misunderstanding of war" in my blog was explained in little detail.

＊         日本の軍隊はどうあるべきでしょうか？　

Ø         自衛隊は必要です。

Ø         隣国を威嚇し抑止目的の集団安保や軍拡競争を避ける。

結　論

世界が戦争を減らす道は、一国の自衛隊から世界の自衛隊を目指すことでしょう。

その意味で、現憲法は一国の都合による武力行使を禁止しているが、自衛権や国連軍（PKOなど）を否定していない。

連載「戦争の誤謬」は少し詳しく解説しています。

Something is strange. 20： What of the constitution is important? 1

 

<  Preamble of the Constitution of Japan  >

There are people who say should throw away the constitution which were forced by other country.

On the other hand, since the constitution is wonderful, there are people who say it is sufficient.

We look at the most important basic that right and wrong should be judged by.

The hint is in the world history.

The constitution did not exist formerly.

About 3500 years ago, human beings begin to write law to a text, and have developed it.

However, soon people became to not get satisfaction in only the law that the country has enacted.

押し付けられた憲法なんか、捨てるべきだと言う人々がいる。

一方で、素晴らしい憲法だから、これで良いと言う。

何をもって判断すれば良いかを見ます。

ヒントは世界史にあります。

かつて憲法は存在しませんでした。

人類は約３５００年前に法律を文章に書き始め、発展させて来ました。

しかし、やがて国が制定する法律だけでは満足出来なくなります。

＜　King John signs Magna Carta　＞

The aristocrats who were annoyed at the England king's repeated reckless war conspired, and he was made to consent to the document that restricts the king's authority.

This is Magna Carta in 1215.

Then, in order to prevent dogma and arrogance of authority, people come to state separation of the three powers.

This is the Declaration of Human Rights of France in 1789.

Even when parliamentary democracy is progressing today, in order to prevent the reckless run of administrative body and legislative body, the constitution bears the important duty.

In others, fundamental items, such as fundamental human rights, suffrage, and rule of law, are included in it.

イングランド王の度重なる無謀な戦争に、業を煮やした貴族達は結託し、王の権限を制限する文書を承諾させます。

これが１２１５年のマグナ・カルタです。

その後、権力者の独断専横を防止するために、三権分立を謳うようになります。

それが１７８９年のフランスの人権宣言です。

議会制民主主義が発達した今日でも、行政府や立法府の暴走を防止するために憲法は重要な役目を担っています。

他に、基本的人権や参政権、法の支配などの基本的な項目が含まれます。

＜　MacArthur of GHQ, and the prime minister's Yoshida 　＞

How was Japan?

The Constitution of the Empire of Japan of the Meiji era was not democratic.

The female suffrage in Japan was accepted in 1945, and it was a century later than America.

Although it had become a repeal bill in Parliament before, GHQ promoted it for democratization.

Recently, although unconstitutional judgment of election district vote weight disparity has been occurring one after another, some of ruling party member rebuked the judicature for a case of an unauthorized act.

Regrettably, a sense of human rights and law in Japan is behind.

日本はどうだったのか

明治の大日本帝国憲法は、民主的ではありませんでした。

日本で女性参政権が認められたのは１９４５年で、米国の約１世紀後でした。

以前、議会で廃案になっていたのですが、GHQが民主化の為に推し進めたのです。

最近、一票の格差で違憲判決が続出していますが、与党国会議員の一部には司法の越権行為だとなじる人もいます。

残念ながら、日本の人権意識や法意識は遅れています。

The constitution is the last breakwater.

One of the causes that Hitler has hold full powers was in The Reichstag fire in 1933.

He obtained two thirds of the parliamentary seats by detaining all communist party diet members in reason of this incident.

Then he got an absolute authority by pushing a law of general power of attorney through the legislature.

Russian President Putin revises the constitution and a term of office of the president became lengthen from 4 years to 6.

Furthermore, a term of office was forbidden to three consecutiveness, nevertheless he enabled to maintain his power, by changing the prime minister and the President.

憲法は最後の防波堤です。

ヒトラーが全権を掌握する切っ掛けは、国会議事堂放火事件にありました。

彼は、これを期に共産党議員を拘禁し、国会の２／３の賛成を得て、全権委任法を可決し、独裁を可能にしました。

ロシアのプーチン大統領は憲法を改訂し、任期４年を６年に伸ばし、さらに禁じられている３期連続を、首相と大統領を交替することで、権力保持を可能にしています。

 

＜　national legislature　＞

It is most important to prevent the reckless run of power (administrative body, legislative body).

Moreover, we should hold the legislative body to seat of good sense.

At least, we should never be allowed to change the legislative body such as a draft constitution can gain easily approval without arguing.

Next time is followed.

一番重要なのは、権力（行政府、立法府）の独走を防止することです。

また立法府を良識の府に留めておくべきです。

少なくとも議論もせずに簡単に憲法草案が成立する所にすべきではない。

次回に続きます。