20130603

Something is strange. 20: What of the constitution is important? 2  

 First World War

We look at an arms buildup that is primary aim of constitutional revision.

Concerning the arms buildup.

Although the ninth article " renunciation of war, denial of armaments and the right of belligerency" of the present constitution is ideal, there is a problem in an interpretation.

Let's see the world for reference.

l       Isn't an army needed?  Of course, it is required.
Many countries that had intended to invade appeared ever.
Probably, it will be impossible to solve all peacefully.

l       Does an army bring about adversity?  It might become occasionally so.
An army becomes easily jingoistic, and to be used for political change.
There is a side in which a military alliance makes it easy to war, like the two World Wars.
An arms race, rather than deterrence, is in the tendency that increases the cost of war and each other's fighting spirit.

Familiar example
Without weapon, the Peacekeeping Force (PKO) of the United Nations and the police in a nation are powerless.
On the other hand, if gun possession becomes free, the country will become danger more.



改憲派の主要目的である軍備増強について考えます。

軍備について

現憲法の第九条「戦争の放棄、軍備及び交戦権の否認」は理想的ですが、解釈に問題があります。

少し世界から、何が重要かを見ます。

         軍隊はいらないのか?   もちろん必要です。
侵略を意図した国は数多く出現し、すべて平和裡に解決することは不可能でしょう。

* 軍隊は災いとなるか?  大いになることがあります。
軍隊は好戦的になりやすく、政変に利用されやすい。
両大戦のように軍事同盟は戦争をしやすくする側面があります。
軍拡競争は抑止よりも、戦費と互いの戦意を増す傾向にあります。

身近な例
武器を持たない国連の平和維持軍や警察は非力です。
一方、銃所持が自由になれば、その国はより安全ではなくなります。


Japanese troops entered into Nanjing castle 

< Japanese troops entered into Nanjing castle >

Let's somewhat consider an actual problem.

What should we be done in order to oppose the missile of North Korea?
Although we want to make an interception system perfect, it is imperfect even if it uses several tens trillion yen.
It will be endless if the opponent increases false warheads and a number of it.

What was a Cold War between U.S. and Soviet?  The nuclear warhead, the missile race, the proxy war of neighboring countries etc.
Immense fund and resources were spent on the arms race, and also live and life of many peoples in neighboring countries were lost, and the scar is not yet recovered.
Decision of American Presidents, Kennedy and Nixon, and Presidents of the Soviet Union put an end to it.
The hand was grasped although both nations mutually were afraid as the cruel enemy.



少し現実問題を考えてみましょう。

* 北朝鮮のミサイルに対抗するには、どのようにすれば良いのでしょうか?
迎撃システムを完全にすれば良いのですが、数十兆円を使っても不完全です。相手が疑似弾頭や数を増やせば、きりがない。

         米ソ冷戦(核弾頭やミサイル競争、周辺国の代理戦争)はどうだったでしょうか。
軍拡競争に莫大な資金・資源が費やされ、さらに発展途上国の多くの人命と暮らしが失われ、その傷痕は未だ癒えない。
それに終止符を打ったのは、米国のケネデイー、ニクソンとソ連の両大統領の英断でした。
あれほど互いに凶悪な敵と恐れていたにも関わらず、手を握ったのです。




Nixon and Mao Tse-Tung

< Nixon and Mao Tse-Tung >

l       What should the army of Japan be?

The Self-Defense Forces are required.
We should avoided the collective security and the arms race that has a purpose of threat and deterrence against neighboring nations.

The conclusion
Only way that our world reduces war should aim at the Self-Defense Forces in the world from it of each nation.
The present constitution in Japan has forbidden using the force for one nation's convenience.
But neither the right of self-defense nor the assistance of the U.N. forces (PKO etc.) is denied.

A series " Misunderstanding of war" in my blog was explained in little detail.


         日本の軍隊はどうあるべきでしょうか? 
Ø         自衛隊は必要です。
Ø         隣国を威嚇し抑止目的の集団安保や軍拡競争を避ける。

結 論
世界が戦争を減らす道は、一国の自衛隊から世界の自衛隊を目指すことでしょう。
その意味で、現憲法は一国の都合による武力行使を禁止しているが、自衛権や国連軍(PKOなど)を否定していない。

連載「戦争の誤謬」は少し詳しく解説しています。




20130601

Something is strange. 20: What of the constitution is important? 1  

 Preamble of the Constitution of Japan

<  Preamble of the Constitution of Japan  >

There are people who say should throw away the constitution which were forced by other country.
On the other hand, since the constitution is wonderful, there are people who say it is sufficient.
We look at the most important basic that right and wrong should be judged by.

The hint is in the world history.

The constitution did not exist formerly.
About 3500 years ago, human beings begin to write law to a text, and have developed it.
However, soon people became to not get satisfaction in only the law that the country has enacted.



押し付けられた憲法なんか、捨てるべきだと言う人々がいる。
一方で、素晴らしい憲法だから、これで良いと言う。
何をもって判断すれば良いかを見ます。

ヒントは世界史にあります。

かつて憲法は存在しませんでした。
人類は約3500年前に法律を文章に書き始め、発展させて来ました。
しかし、やがて国が制定する法律だけでは満足出来なくなります。


King John signs Magna Carta 

< King John signs Magna Carta >

The aristocrats who were annoyed at the England king's repeated reckless war conspired, and he was made to consent to the document that restricts the king's authority.
This is Magna Carta in 1215.

Then, in order to prevent dogma and arrogance of authority, people come to state separation of the three powers.
This is the Declaration of Human Rights of France in 1789.

Even when parliamentary democracy is progressing today, in order to prevent the reckless run of administrative body and legislative body, the constitution bears the important duty.
In others, fundamental items, such as fundamental human rights, suffrage, and rule of law, are included in it.


イングランド王の度重なる無謀な戦争に、業を煮やした貴族達は結託し、王の権限を制限する文書を承諾させます。
これが1215年のマグナ・カルタです。

その後、権力者の独断専横を防止するために、三権分立を謳うようになります。
それが1789年のフランスの人権宣言です。

議会制民主主義が発達した今日でも、行政府や立法府の暴走を防止するために憲法は重要な役目を担っています。
他に、基本的人権や参政権、法の支配などの基本的な項目が含まれます。



MacArthur of GHQ, and the prime minister's Yoshida  

 MacArthur of GHQ, and the prime minister's Yoshida  >

How was Japan?

The Constitution of the Empire of Japan of the Meiji era was not democratic.

The female suffrage in Japan was accepted in 1945, and it was a century later than America.
Although it had become a repeal bill in Parliament before, GHQ promoted it for democratization.

Recently, although unconstitutional judgment of election district vote weight disparity has been occurring one after another, some of ruling party member rebuked the judicature for a case of an unauthorized act.

Regrettably, a sense of human rights and law in Japan is behind.



日本はどうだったのか

明治の大日本帝国憲法は、民主的ではありませんでした。

日本で女性参政権が認められたのは1945年で、米国の約1世紀後でした。
以前、議会で廃案になっていたのですが、GHQが民主化の為に推し進めたのです。

最近、一票の格差で違憲判決が続出していますが、与党国会議員の一部には司法の越権行為だとなじる人もいます。

残念ながら、日本の人権意識や法意識は遅れています。



The constitution is the last breakwater.

One of the causes that Hitler has hold full powers was in The Reichstag fire in 1933.
He obtained two thirds of the parliamentary seats by detaining all communist party diet members in reason of this incident.
Then he got an absolute authority by pushing a law of general power of attorney through the legislature.

Russian President Putin revises the constitution and a term of office of the president became lengthen from 4 years to 6.
Furthermore, a term of office was forbidden to three consecutiveness, nevertheless he enabled to maintain his power, by changing the prime minister and the President.



憲法は最後の防波堤です。

ヒトラーが全権を掌握する切っ掛けは、国会議事堂放火事件にありました。
彼は、これを期に共産党議員を拘禁し、国会の2/3の賛成を得て、全権委任法を可決し、独裁を可能にしました。

ロシアのプーチン大統領は憲法を改訂し、任期4年を6年に伸ばし、さらに禁じられている3期連続を、首相と大統領を交替することで、権力保持を可能にしています。


 national legislature 

< national legislature >


It is most important to prevent the reckless run of power (administrative body, legislative body).

Moreover, we should hold the legislative body to seat of good sense.
At least, we should never be allowed to change the legislative body such as a draft constitution can gain easily approval without arguing.

Next time is followed.



一番重要なのは、権力(行政府、立法府)の独走を防止することです。

また立法府を良識の府に留めておくべきです。
少なくとも議論もせずに簡単に憲法草案が成立する所にすべきではない。

次回に続きます。





20130530

Something is strange. 19: the nuclear plant accident is all but forgotten. 2


rubble of Fukushima



Following from last time, we look at the background of promoting nuclear plants.

The technical and economical problem of the nuclear plant is already clear.
It is trustworthy that it is not what is exchanged for danger.
Most people refused even the rubble of Fukushima that our nation certified safe.

Last time, I brought up six reasons that the nuclear plant problem has been not stared.

Three reasons of the first half can be summarized in " ignoring."
Although this is general mind, its handling is not so easy.

The well similar example is smoking of tobacco.
It passed over five decades from recognizing as tobacco being harmful.
However, since there is violent advertisement of the tobacco industry and tobacco’s dependence property was high, it did not go to reduction easily.
But the prohibition of smoking became a global tide and has improved considerably.
The harmful campaign that led by the government of each nation was the most effective.

I think that the reduction is not expected unless a governmental posture is changed.



前回に続いて、原発が推進される背景を見ます。

原発の技術的、経済的な問題は、既に多くは決していると考えます。
危険と引き換えられるものでないことは確実です。
国が安全とした福島の瓦礫すら、ほとんどが拒否されたのですから。

前回、原発問題が注視されない理由を6項目挙げました。

前半の3項目は、一言で言えば「無視する」に尽きる。
これは一般的な心理ですが、そう簡単ではありません。

よく似た事例に、タバコの喫煙があります。
タバコは有害であると認知され初めて半世紀が経ちました。
しかしタバコ業界の猛烈な宣伝と無害キャンペーン、依存性が高いこともあってなかなか減少には向かいませんでした。
しかし禁煙は世界的な潮流となり、かなり改善されて来ました。
最も効果があったのは有害キャンペーンで、さらに各国政府が主導していることです。

つまり、政府と情報体制を変えない限り、縮小は期待出来ないと思います。


a question of an investigating committee 

< a question of an investigating committee >

Three reasons of the finish half can be summarized in " entrusting it to a person of power.”

This is a problem rooted in peculiar political culture of Japan.

Kurokawa chairman of the accident investigation committee said that a nuclear plant disaster originated in Japanese culture.

Going against the government policy by the regulation committee will be not possible like the past trial of nuclear plant probably.
Although the magnitude of nuclear plant-related economic is huge, Japan has experienced the shift of many industries in the past.
Rather, The problem was that the oligopoly and the adhesion expanded and the resisted force became strong.

“Since we elected current government in the election, must entrust it to them.”
It is no good.




後半の3項目は、「お上に任せる」となるでしょうか。
これは日本固有の政治文化に根ざした問題です。

事故調査委員会の黒川委員長が、原発事故は日本特有の文化に起因すると言われたのに、通じるものがあります。

規制委員会も、過去の原発裁判の如く、政府方針と逆に向かうことは不可能でしょう。
原発関連の経済規模は巨大ですが、過去、日本は多くの産業の交替を経験してきました。
むしろ問題は、寡占と癒着がここまで拡大してしまい、抵抗を強くしてしまったことです。

「選挙で選んだのだから現政権に任せるしかない」と言うことはないでしょう。


Tsuruga nuclear plant built on an active fault.

< Tsuruga nuclear plant built on an active fault. >

Current government exactly has adhered the nuclear plant industry, and has protected it.
In that sense, nuclear plant reduction by current government may be an empty dream.


今の原発産業に癒着し放任してきたのは現政権にほかなりません。
その意味では、現政権での原発縮小は夢物語かもしれません。








20130528

Something is strange. 18: the nuclear plant accident is all but forgotten. 1

 Transition of the advertising expenses of Tokyo Electric Power Company 

< a nuclear plant accident of Fukushima in Japan >

The issue is unanswered, and many nuclear plants become to start running.
Did the danger of the nuclear plant disappear? 
Even now the nuclear plant-related scandal continues.

What has occurred?  Let see it.

The big nuclear plant disaster occurred from the 1970s to the 80s in the world and Japan.
As a result, the Japanese opinion began to turn toward stopping nuclear plants.
However, the advertisement of mass media and our government was effective.
Until before the Tohoku earthquake disaster, national opinion became to promote the nuclear plant.
Then, the Kansai Electric Power came to depend on a nuclear power plant for the great portion of electric power.


問題はうやむやにされ、再稼働に向かっています。
原発の危険性は無くなったのでしょうか。
相も変わらず原発関連の不祥事が続いています。

何が起きているのでしょうか、それを見ます。

1970年代から80年代にかけて、世界、日本で大きな原発事故が起きました。
その結果、日本国民は原発停止へと舵を切り始めました。
しかしマスコミと政府の宣伝が効き、東北大震災が起きる直前まで原発推進一色になって行きました。
そうして、関電は電力の大半を原発に頼るようになった。


Transition of the advertising expenses of Tokyo Electric Power Company 

< Transition of the advertising expenses of Tokyo Electric Power Company >

However, this situation differs from before.

People knew the danger and the problem markedly compared with before.

l       The damage of Fukushima is immense, and continues for a long period of time.

l       The corruption of the nuclear plant-related organization continues even after the accident.

Ø         Disturbance of the nuclear plant accident investigation by the TEPC. 
Ø         A regulation committee leaked the contents of a report to the TEPC on ahead.
Ø         A series "nuclear fuel cycle abolition" of a journal was stopped by pressure of an electric power company.
Ø         A head director of Monju, Japan's fast breeder reactor, resigns for scandal hiding.
Ø         The counterargument of Kansai Electric Power Co. in a judging meeting about the active fault. Irrespective of incomplete investigation at the time of the construction.

l       The possibility of massive earthquakes or the eruption of volcanoes is increasing.


しかし今回は様子が異なります。

国民は危険性や問題点を以前に比べ格段に知った。

       福島の被害は莫大で長期に及ぶことを知った。
* 原発推進母体の腐敗や堕落は事故後も継続中です。
     東電の虚為説明「真っ暗で危険」として福島原発調査の妨害。
     委員会が報告書を事前に東電に流す。
     機関誌に「核燃料サイクル廃止」が連載されると、電力会社の圧力で中止。
     「もんじゅ」の不祥事隠しで理事長辞任。
     活断層判定会議での関電の反論(建設時の調査が充分でないのに)。

巨大地震や火山の噴火の可能性が高まっている。


the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake 

< the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake >

The danger of nuclear plant is much clear, so I wonder why it is promoted.

The following reasons are murmured in public.

A.      By forgetting many arduous past, Japanese people's recovery is early.
B.      People ignore it with mental bias. The fearful thing will not happen. We are safe if we are together all.”
C.      Daily food is more important than future safety.
D.      It is safe if we leave it to the regulation committee or the government.
E.      The abolition will be impossible, because the magnitude of nuclear plant-related economic was huge and had much power interests.
F.       Since we chose the campaign pledge " I regain Japan", must give up other policy.






These may not be true reasons that we can neglect the problem of nuclear plant.

Next time is followed.


これだけ原発の危険性が明らかになっているのに、なぜ推進なのでしょうか.

以下の理由が巷でつぶやかれています。

A. 日本人は物忘れが酷いが、立ち直りが早い長所がある。
B.     心理バイアスがかかり無視。「恐ろしいことは起こらない、皆と一緒であれば安心だ」
C.     いつ起きるかわからない先の事故より、今日の糧だ。
D.     規制委員会や政府に任せれば安心である。
E.     原発関連の経済規模は巨大で利権絡みもあり、廃止は無理だろう。
F.      ワンセットの公約「日本を取り戻す」を選んだのだから、他は諦めるしかない。


これらの理由で、原発問題を放置して良いのでしょうか。

次回に続きます。






20130526

the town of merchant and riverside: Oumi-hachiman 2  

a decoration of festival, Sagicho 

< a decoration of festival, Sagicho >

This time, I introduce festivals and souvenirs.
Here is a large shrine that has a history over 1000 years and has conducted two fire festivals.

今回は、祭りと土産を紹介します。
ここには千年の歴史を誇る神社があり、火祭りがある。


shrine’s gate, Himurei-Hachimannguu

< shrine’s gate, Himurei-Hachimannguu >

This shrine is located at the foot of Hachiman hill

この神社は八幡山の麓に有ります。


a front shrine and many flying carps  

< a front shrine and many flying carps  >

When I went into the precinct, many flying carps had been fluttering by breeze of May.
The main shrine is visible to the back.


境内に入ると、鯉のぼりが五月のそよ風になびいていました。
奥に本殿が見えます。


Sagicho festival and Hachimann festival 

< Sagicho festival and Hachimann festival >

A decoration of a dragon at infographic topping was used with a portable shrine(Mikoshi) like left photo in Sagicho festival.
Surprisingly the material of this dragon is many dry sardines( Tazukuri).

Right photo is burning torches of Hachimann festival.
Both festivals always finish with the fire festival at the last, and have been annually held in March and April, spring. 
The fire has what excites people.
The people wished good luck and charmed against bad luck.

巻頭写真の龍のダシは、左図のように左義長祭りの御輿に使われたものです。
この龍の材料は、なんと田作(乾燥鰯)なのです。
右の写真は八幡祭りで、松明(たいまつ)を燃やします。
両祭り共に、春の3月、4月に行われ、最後は火祭りで終わります。
火には興奮させる何かがあり、多くは招福除災を願ったようです。



a cake shop, club-Harie 


< a cake shop, club-Harie >

Taneya is an established shop of Japanese sweets, and Club-Harie is a cake shop.
These two shops were highly visible along the approach to the shrine.

神社の参道で、和菓子の老舗たねやと洋菓子店クラブハリエが目立ちました。


souvenirs

< souvenirs >

Although a funa-zushi is famous as a souvenir of Lake Biwa, I am not good at this fermented food.
The amber food that has boiled down small fish by soy sauce is delicious.


琵琶湖の土産と言えば鮒寿司が有名ですが、私はこの発酵食品は苦手です。
飴色した小魚の佃煮は美味しいかった