＜ Wada’s house ＞
I introduce the
inside of the architecture with A-frame, the four seasons and the living of the
mountain village.
今回は、合掌造りの家、白川郷の四季と暮らしを紹介します。
A: A rice planting in spring. It is reproducing
old work.
B: A harvest of
rice has finished, so it become a good time to see autumn leaves. We see
Hakusan Mountains to the right side back.
C: being buried in
snow in winter, people shut themselves up in their house.
D: All villagers must put on a new roof of about
two houses with some kind of grass together every year.
I observed the Wada’s
house.
This family served as a
village mayor at Edo Ｐeriod, and prospered by business of gun smoke.
The gun smoke that is
materials of gunpowder was produced by fermenting some kind of grass under a
floor.
This was important
industry for several hundred years in this area.
This house is 300 years
since the construction, and a family has lived together with dozens of people
in it.
A： 春の田植え。昔の作業を再現。
B： 稲の収穫が終わり、紅葉に染まる。右奥に白山。
C： 冬は雪に埋もれ、人々は家に閉じこもる。
D： 秋に茅を刈り、村人総出で年に一二軒、屋根の葺き替えを行う。
和田家を見学
この家は江戸時代、庄屋を務め、硝煙の取引によって栄えた。
火薬の原料である硝煙は、床下で、ある草を発酵させて作った。
これは、この地方の数百年前からの大事な産業だった。
この家は築後３００年を経ており、一家族数十人が住んでいた。
＜ Big living room of the first floor ＞
A thick beam is
impressive.
太い梁が印象的だ。
＜ Drawing room of the first floor ＞
I： Drawing room.
J： alcove in a
traditional Japanese room where picture was displayed.
K： a family
Buddhist altar and Buddha statue.
I： 客間。
J： 客間の床の間。水墨画が掛かっている。
K： 仏間の仏壇。金箔の仏壇と仏像。
＜ Workshop of the second floor ＞
It is one big room with
a wooden floor, has big windows to the north and south.
There is a room also in
the third floor.
The several places of
the floor were floor grates, and smoke and warmth have risen through it from
under.
The pillar shines black
with soot of the smoke.
一つの大きな板の間で、南北に大きな窓がある。
3階にも部屋がある。
床の所々は簀の子になっており、下から煙と暖気が昇ってくる。
柱は煙の煤で黒光りしている。
＜ silkworm shelf of the second floor ＞
Silkworms eat the leaf
of the mulberry.
The cocoon has been
placed on a shelf over it.
For several hundred
years, the sericulture was active in this district.
蚕の白い幼虫が桑の葉を食べている。
その上に繭が置かれている。
数百年前から、養蚕はこの地方で盛んだった。
＜ Structure of the house ＞
E： A figure
of the architecture with A-frame. The roof is a steep slope so that snow makes it easier to fall.
F： the
pillar of the roof was tied up with rope.
At first, the carpenter
built the important first floor that receives the huge roof.
After that, villager
together put up the roof over it.
Daily necessities that
were made of straw have hung.
During winter, family
may have knitted straw hard.
G： The sunken
hearth in the living room.
In winter, I feel
nostalgic for burning firewood and the charcoal in it.
H： The
ceiling of the living room. We can see floor grates for air vent port.
E： 合掌造りの図。雪が落下するように屋根が急勾配。
F： 縄で縛った屋根の柱組構造。
巨大な屋根を受ける1階の建築は当初、富山藩の大工が行い、屋根は村人が協力して立てた。
藁で作られた日用品が吊されている。冬の間、家人がせっせと藁を編んだことだろう。
G： 居間にある囲炉裏。冬、薪や炭の赤々と燃える火が懐かしい。
H： 居間の天井。簀の子状の通気口が見える。
People adapted well
in narrow arable land and severe winter.
Arable land was not
decreased because one large family lived in one house, and production and
preservation were done in the warm large room.
The material that make
big roof possible, the production material, and fuel were in the mountain
abundantly.
Moreover, villager's
cooperation enabled construction of the house, and putting on the new roof.
It might have increased
by Buddhism, or the isolation of the village more.
I became glad when I
thought that there was the warm " a group-oriented culture" here once.
Next time, I introduce the town of
Takayama.
人々は、狭い耕地と厳しい冬に上手く適応した。
大家族が一つ屋根で暮らすことにより耕地を減らさず、暖かく広い室内で生産と保存をおこなった。
大屋根を可能にする材料、生産材料、燃料は山に豊富にあった。
また村人の合力が、建築や葺き替えを可能にした。
それは孤立と宗教（浄土真宗）によってさらに増したのかもしれない。
かつてここに温かい「和の心」があったことを思うと、うれしくなった。
次回は、高山の町を案内します。
