The society and the information 59: News media has fought 16

社会と情報　５９：　戦った報道　１６

＜　1.  A village serviced a flesh trade in about 1930　　＞

＜　１．１９３０年頃、村が身売りを斡旋。　　＞

From now on, we look at the economic background that newspapers changed in.

It is we confirm that people became to affirm a continent invasion due to some economic factor.

これから新聞が転向した経済的背景を見ていきます。

それは人々が大陸侵攻を肯定するようになる経済的要因を確認することです。

＜　2.  A battle of the northern part of China in 1933　　＞

＜　２．１９３３年、中国北部での熱河作戦。　　＞

Preface

Previously, at this serialization “News media has fought 11”, we know that the Japanese local reporter sympathized with ringleader Kanji Ishihara of the Manchurian Incident and had thought “ We need to take the northern part of China for the solution of Japanese population and food problem”.

In those days, people were under the situation that the economy and life grew worse and worse, and had faced an uncertain future.

Radical elements had advocated the continent invasion as the solution, and people came to agree it.

はじめに

既に「戦った報道　１１」で、当時、朝日の現地記者が満州事変の首謀者石原莞爾に共感しており、「日本の人口問題と食糧問題の解決には満蒙大陸が必要である」と考えていたことを見ました。

当時、人々は悪化する経済と生活で先の見えない状況におかれていた。

過激分子が解決策として大陸侵攻を唱え、国民は同意するようになって行きました。

＜　3.  The government expenditure of Japan　＞

＜　３．財政支出の推移　＞

Legend:  A, C, D and E of color frames indicate the following “ Main points”.

Other graphs are similar, too.

A thin broken line indicates  “government expenditure/GDP”, and a solid line does government expenditure.

凡例：色枠のA,C,D,Eは下記の「主要なポイント」に対応。他のグラフも同様。

細い破線が「財政支出額／GDP」、実線が財政支出額を示す。

Main points

I selected main economic problems that occurred from the 1900s to the 1930s.

Problem A: The government was not able to respond successfully to vast war expenditures that continue to increase from the 1890s.

Problem B: People came to promote discontent due to chronic rice deficit, a surplus population, an expanding disparity in wealth, and increasing in the awareness of entitlement of worker.

Problem C: In the late 1910s, big prosperity was brought on by World War I, but the reaction will deteriorate society and economy more.

Problem D: In the 1920s, Japanese economy suffered unprecedented aggravations that are the depression after World War I, the Great Kanto Earthquake, the banking crisis, the Great Depression.

主要なポイント

１９００年代から１９３０年代、明治末から昭和の初めにかけて起きた主要な経済問題を挙げます。

問題A：１８９０年代から高まる莫大な軍事費調達により政府は身動き出来なくなっていた。

問題B：１９００年代から慢性的な米不足と過剰人口、貧富の差拡大、さらに労働・農民の権利意識の高まりで国民は不満を募らせていた。

問題C：１９１０年代後半、第一次世界大戦による一大繁栄がもたらされたが、その反動が社会と経済をより悪化させることになった。

問題D：１９２０年代、日本は未曾有の経済悪化、すなわち戦後恐慌に始まり関東大震災、金融恐慌、追い討ちをかけるように世界恐慌に見舞われた。

Development E: In 1931, Japan caused the Manchurian Incident and got the northern part of China, and built up the Empire of Japan that contained Korean Peninsula and Taiwan.

Western great powers had stagnated all economy and trade due to the independence of their colonies after World War I, and the Great Depression.

Meanwhile, Japan increased the trade in Asia including China and first accomplished the economic recovery in the world.

Japan seemed to almost have evaded mentioned problem A, B, C, D.

As a result, in 1940, Japan conspicuously accomplished the economic growth and was near the United States and the U.K., and became the major economic power comparing with Germany.

変化E：１９３１年、日本は満州事変を起こし中国大陸北部（満蒙）を掌中に収め、朝鮮半島と台湾を包括する大日本帝国圏を作り上げた。

欧米列強は第一次世界大戦後の植民地独立と世界恐慌で軒並み経済と貿易を沈滞させていた。

そんな中、日本は中国を含むアジアで一人貿易を伸ばし、世界に先駆けて経済回復を成し遂げた。

この間、日本は上記の問題A、B、C、Dをほぼ回避したように見える。

その結果、日本は群を抜く経済成長を遂げ、１９４０年には米国、英国に次ぎ、ドイツと肩を並べる経済大国になった。

＜　4. Changes of each nation’s GDP, it used a GDP of 1929(the Great Depression ) as 100　＞

＜　４．GDPの推移、世界恐慌の１９２９年を１００として指数化。　＞

Japanese GDP (red line) suddenly increased from the Manchurian Incident, as disregarding Western great powers except the Soviet Union (orange line).

日本のGDP（赤線）は満州事変を契機としてソ連（オレンジ線）を除いて欧米列強を尻目に急伸した。

＜　5. Change of world trade　＞

＜　５．　世界貿易の推移　＞

After the Great Depression, the world trade decreased in 1/3.

世界恐慌以降、世界の貿易額は１／３ほどに減った。

＜　6. Changes of each colony trade　＞

＜　６．　植民地貿易額の推移　＞

Legend:  A yellow line is the colony trade amount of Japan.

After the Great Depression, each colony trade amount reduced to half in the U.K. (solid line), and remained unchanged in France (dashed line), but Japan increased than four times after the Manchurian Incident.

凡例：黄線が日本の対全植民地貿易額。

世界恐慌以降、植民地貿易額は仏（破線）で横ばい、英国（実線）で半減したが、日本は満州事変以降、４倍以上に伸ばした。

What is important?

Why did people concentrate their hopes on the continent invasion even with exchanging it for the dangerous war expansion?

Did the continent invasion rescue the people from the economic deterioration that they expected to?

I narrow down this difficult economic background to several points and easily confirm it.

On the next time, we look at "Problems that was caused by collecting funding for war" that is relatively unknown.

何が重要か

国民は危険な戦争拡大と引き換えてまで、なぜ大陸侵攻に望みを託したのだろうか？

大陸侵攻は国民の予想通り日本の経済悪化を救ったのだろうか？

この難解な経済的背景を数点のポイントに絞って簡単に確認していきます。

次回、あまり知られていない「戦費調達が招いた問題」を見ます。