Which side is the ancient state in Japan? 日本の古代国家はどちら側ですか？

＜　日本地図：古代初期国家と遺跡の位置　＞

鉄器を作っていた大規模集落、KAITO（垣内）遺跡について。

未だに日本で最初の古代国家が何処で誕生したかがわかっていないのです。

日本地図の左右の赤い楕円で示される二つの位置に学説が別れているのです。

ところが今回矢印の先、淡路島でAD3世紀頃の遺跡が見つかりました。

これは今後、日本の古代史を塗り替えることになるかもしれません。

＜　垣内遺跡全景　＞

　瀬戸内海と大阪湾を遮るようにして浮かぶ淡路島、その尾根から最大規模の鍛冶工房集落跡が発見された。

ここで製造されていたのは弓矢の穂先、ナイフなどの小型の鉄器でした。

この工房が活躍した時代は、最初の女王・卑弥呼が出現する半世紀前、西日本全体（地図の範囲）が軍事的緊張状態にあった頃です。

従来、地図右側の赤丸に最古の国家があったとする説の弱点は、鉄器製造が北九州（地図左側）に偏っていたことにありました。

しかしここに来て様子は変わりました。

この遺跡で驚くべきことは、２３棟中１２棟に炉跡（火跡）があったことです。

＜　遺跡で作られた鉄器　＞

さらに平成２４年３月の発表では、懸案の送風用の耐熱筒が見つかりました。

炉の構造はお粗末なのですが、再現実験で送風用の革袋と耐熱筒を使えば、小さな鉄器であれば真っ赤にして鍛造することが出来ました。

またこの遺跡だけは、北淡路島の他の遺跡と比べ、広く周辺地域と交流していたことが、土器の様子で判明しています。地図の緑の大きな円が交流域。

高台にあるこの遺跡から瀬戸内海を見下ろし、卑弥呼が活躍する時代へのうねりを夢想するのも良いものです。

Beautiful red leaves ：Autumn in Japan

<P.1  Kama  pond : from between the trees at the edge of the pond＞

The representative of autumn in Japan are beautiful red leaves. At the end of October 2010, I visited the Shinshu (Nagano Prefecture). I would like to give you the impression.

< P.2  Location of photography : the red frame of the left map>

Although I was going to enjoy the scenery of autumn at the 6 places. It was only three places. I first visited the Takase dam lake is a deep mountain valley . Because it was light rain, the photo are dark.  P.３,Thing has spread to one side is a myriad of white rock has been flowing from upstream. A light blue lake can be seen in the back. P.４,Recently, snow fell on the ground is visible.

< P.３ Takase Valley : a look at the Takase lake from the suspension bridge  >

< P.4 Takase Valley : around the lake >

This time, Kama pond was the most wonderful. We went up the narrow road to a high place by a microbus. On the way, surrounding mountains were autumnal leaves exactly. The green of evergreens and white snow were mixed and it was playing beautiful harmony. Kama pond is small, was filled with red and yellow autumn leaves. I walked over the snow around the pond.

＜P.５　Kama　pond： from the other side of the pond　＞

Siraike pond is low altitude, the snow was not. This pond is surrounded by birch trees around. it was a pond suitable for a walk. Here is not brilliant, but was serene autumn. Gust of wind blew. It has caused ripples on the surface of the lake.

＜P.６　Shiro pond＞

Final photo was taken from a bus to go home. We thoroughly enjoyed the autumn.

＜P.７　sunset＞

Japanese hot spring : open-air bath

 

＜P.１　in HOTEL J’S NICHINAN RESORT ＞

Japanese almost love hot springs, especially open-air bath. In the morning and the evening, while we feel the cold air in the nude,  immerse themselves in bath. There is nothing to interrupt, and then, when it is able to look at a mountain or the ocean from a bathtub, we are pleasant. We will be the highest if we can see sunrise and the setting sun. Japanese people feel and enjoy a season to the autumnal leaves, the snow-covered landscape, and fresh green which are visible from a bath. If an open-air bath is located in the hotel on the journey, everyone is overjoyed.

Here, the hot spring which I enjoyed is introduced for foreigners.

Finally, there is one of the Turkey. Many of used photographs are reproduced from the WEB site of each hotel.

＜P２　The Japanese map showing introductory land＞

＜P3　in KIRISHIMA SPAHILLS／a panorama of KIRISHIMA ＞

The first photo, No.2 of the map, The hot spring is located in the hotel on the mountain of Miyazaki Prefecture.

From bath to below this, we can regard the sea beyond a mountain range. The view from the bath has a very airy.  The  wind and the fresh green were impressing spring. Upper P3 photos, map No. 1, The hot spring is located in one of the hotel on the Kirishima hot spring of Miyazaki Prefecture. Lower P3 photos, It shows volcanic Kirishima. The hot springs are scattered in this mountain side. if it is fine, Sakurajima of the volcano which appears on a big bay can be seen from this bath. Japanese people like the bath was constructed on rock like the photo. One side of the bath is surrounded by trees, and the other is open sight, then, besides it can be seen far, it is the best.

＜P4　in HOTEL NEW AWAJI PLAZA AWAJISHIMA／in MATUHO NO YU＞

Upper P4 photos, map No.3, the hot spring is located on ridgeline of the peninsula to the southern end of Awaji Island. The merit of this bath is a wide bay below one’s eyes and we are able to look at the setting sun. Lower, map No.4, this is a hot spring facility located on a hillside in the northern end of Awaji Island. Apeel of this bath is that you can see the Akashi Strait and the Asia’s largest suspension bridge.

＜P5　in ARIAKE SOU, in autum／ in winter／ North Alps＞

Upper two P5 photos, map No.5, the hotel is located near the ridge of the Northern Alps in Nagano Prefecture. This hotel is located in the valley of 1400m altitude, many climbers begin to climb from here. Here is surrounded by the mountains. The time of autumnal leaves, the moutains is decorated really nice. The view from the bath is not good. It is surrounded by mountains and trees. You can enjoy the taste of each of the four seasons as show in the photograph. Lower, in the panoramic view of Alps,

this hotel is located on the hillside.

＜P６　Pamukkale／A Shelf of limestone／ Hierapolis＞

P6 and 7 are Pamukkle. This is a tourist destination in Turkey.

Upper, the hot spring made in the earthquake is located on the plateau above the lime shelf. Ruins Hierapolis of the time of the Roman Empire is located on the plateau. Many pillars fall and lie in the hot spring. Many men and women are enjoying in the hot spring pool with a swimsuit. Center, it is a scene of the famous limestone shelf, but, due to the small rain, it was regrettable if there is no water in the dish. Center, it is a scene of the famous limestone shelf, but, due to the small rain, it was regrettable, because there is no water in the dish.

Lower, it is Ruins Hierapolis.

＜P7　in Pam Thermal Hotel ／ a night view＞

This hotel is located just below the limestone shelf. The hot spring water contains sand was extremely fine. The sand had to settle on the bottom of the bath. Everyone enters wearing a swimsuit in the hot spring. Compared with the hot spring in Japan, the temperature is lower and the bathtub is shallower.  As shown in the photo of a night view, indoor hot spring pool and outdoor hot spring pool on the second floor can be seen in the back of the blue pool.

We came over the open-air bath. There is a hot spring pool, such as a large palace in Budapest, Hungary.  I did not have time to go there, unfortunately. In China, there was no habit to enjoy hot springs and open-air bath, have come to enjoy slowly. I do not know, that there is a popular hot spring in Southeast Asia. How to enjoy hot springs varies from country to country.

Become naked, we entered a hot spring with strangers, and sometimes have a lively conversation with them. In open-air bath, Japanese socialize with nude, enjoy the season and scenery, and heal the mind and body.

Birth of primitive art 2: Opening of glacial epoch fine arts

＜　A female head, France, 25000 years before, ivory, 4 cm height　＞

Movable property fine arts appeared suddenly in frigid Europe.

We see about the typical Venus statue.

極寒のヨーロッパに突如として動産美術が作られ始めた。

代表的なビーナス像について見る。

＜　A valley of the Chauvet Cave　＞

＜　The ruins map of glacial epoch Europe,　10,000 ～40,000 years ago　＞

Many of the cave paintings were painted inside of the limestone cave that sunlight doesn’t reach.

Many of the caves were in the ravine.

They were near by the way that the reindeer carries out seasonal migration.

Many animals drank water at the nearby place.

People hunted these animals, fished or collected, and lived on the entrance of a cave and a rock shadow.

From 3 million years ago, the glacial epoch began and it was most cool from 120000 years ago to 40000 years ago.

Northern Europe and the Alps were covered with the glacier at this time.

Since a sea surface lowered, there was no sea between England and Scandinavian Peninsula.

The areas other than the prairie zone in the Mediterranean and the glacier were covered with ice and snow (step, tundra), and the mammoth was walking there in winter.

洞窟絵画の多くはカルスト地形の鍾乳洞内で、光りが届かない奥深くに描かれた。

その多くは河谷沿いの山肌の横穴で、季節移動するトナカイの通り道や動物の水飲み場に近かった。

人々はそれら動物の狩猟と漁労採集を行い、洞窟の入り口や岩陰で暮らしていた。

３００万年前から氷河期が進行し、４万年前から１万２千年前にかけて最も寒冷化した。

この時、ヨーロッパ北部とアルプスは氷河に覆われており、海面が下がりイングランドやスカンジナビア半島の間には海はなかった。

地中海側の草原地帯と氷河以外の地域は氷雪（ステップとツンドラ）に覆われ、冬にはマンモスが闊歩していた。

 ＜　Venus statue　＞

Fig.1: Czechoslovakia, 29000 years ago, a calcination clay, 11 cm height

Fig.2: Germany, 25000 years ago, a limestone, 11 cm height  

Fig.3: Germany, 15000 years ago, a horn, 6～10 cm height  

First, Movable property fine arts appeared first and a group of the Venus statue of them is impressive.

The statues of about 60 were excavated in the large area from France in the west to eastern Russia in the east.

The oldest thing is the female statue group made from ivory about 35000 years ago.

It has the common feature with a big breast and abdomen, and its height is from 6 to 15 cm.

Fig. 1, the Venus statue has a special meaning. From these ruins, many calcination clay images some animal and ball is also found.

A remarkable point is that they are the products made from clay calcinated at low temperature, therefore it hints at the forerunner of making earthenware.

This probably shows that the life changed from continuation of movement to seasonal stay.

Fig. 2, the Venus statue emphasizes a buttock, an abdomen, and a breast with a typical spindle type, and although the face is omitted, it displays the private parts.

This is associated with a hand ax of stone tool and the symmetrical design is beauty.

They emphasized the generative functions. This reason probably was that they associated the childbirth with the fertility.

This became a forerunner of many symbols on the world.

The female head image made from ivory was found in a cave about 25000 years ago (the first Fig.).

Although the mouth is omitted, its eyes and the nose are clarity, and it is covered with the hair or a hood.

図１：　チェコ、29000年前、焼成粘土、高さ１１ｃｍ。

図２：　ドイツ、25000年前、石灰岩、高さ１１ｃｍ。

図３：　ドイツ、15000年前、角、高さ６～１０ｃｍ。

最初に現れたのは動産美術で、印象深いのはビーナス像の一群です。

西はフランスから東はロシア東部に至る広い地域で約６０点出土している。

最古層は３５０００年前頃に作られた象牙製の女性像群で、高さは６～１５ｃｍで、大きな乳房と腹部を持つ共通の特徴がある。

図１、ビーナス像には特別の意味があり、この遺跡からは多くの動物像や焼成粘土の球も見つかっている。

注目点はビーナス像が低温で焼成された粘土製であり、土器作りの先駆けを匂わす。

これはそれまでの移動中心から長期の季間滞在に移行した可能性を示している。

図２、ビーナス像は、典型的な紡錘型で臀部、腹部、乳房を強調し、顔は省略されているが陰部を表示する特徴がある。

これはハンドアックス（握斧）を連想させ、左右対称の美が感じられる。

これら生殖機能を強調したのは、出産から連想される豊穣祈願と考えられ、後に出現する地球上の多くのシンボルの先駆けとなった。

２５０００年前の洞窟から象牙製の女性頭部像が見つかった（最初の図）。

口は省略されているが目鼻が克明で、頭には頭髪か頭巾で覆われている。

＜　Relief of Venus, France,25000 years ago, a limestone wall, 44 cm height　＞

The same time as this, the relief of Venus was discovered in a rock shadow of the valley near famous Lascaux Cave.

It had a horn of a bison in one hand.

The red ground (Ocher) is applied to that surface.

There are 13 ruled lines in the horn, and I think that it is a calendar or some days.

Fig. 3, a female statue made from the reindeer horn at 15000 years ago in northeast Germany.

This statue became last female image and they weren’t made again.

This emphasizes a buttock and is a simple design with the cylindrical upper half of the body.

I seems that this was the pendant or putting in the bag.

In this way the female statues of origin fine arts came into the world。

Through the time of 20,000 years, it became simple carrying arts from the precious thing that emphasizes fertility.

Probably, they had the value as accessories or fetish.

これと同じ時期、ラスコー洞窟近くの河谷の岩陰にビーナス（上記図）が彫られ、バイソンの角を片手に持っている。

表面には赤い土（オーカー）が塗られて、この角には１３本の刻線があり、何か暦か日数を示している。

そして最後を飾るのが、東北ドイツで見つかった１５０００年前のトナカイ角製の図３、女性像です。

これは臀部を強調し上半身が棒状のシンプルなデザインで、ペンダントか袋に入れて用いられたようだ。

このようにして原初美術の女性像は花開き、やがて２万年の時を経て、豊穣を強調する貴重なものから簡易な携行品となった。

それらは装飾品か呪物としての価値を持っていたのだろう

I was impressed in the morning of Füssen.

I traveled Germany late in October.

At this time, I encountered the spectacle that I did not expect.

It was a calm morning of the pasture that spreads at the foot of the Alps.

１０月下旬にドイツを観光しました。

この時、予想していなかった光景に巡りあった。

それはアルプスの麓に広がる牧場の静寂な朝でした。

<  Phot.1 go to Füssen, little sunset  >

This is on the way to Füssen famous for the swan castle in southern Germany.

Rain is likely to get down at any moment, but evening glow could be seen in the distance.

It will be fine tomorrow.

On the morning of the next day, I and my wife got up at 5:00, and went for the walk toward the lake.

                       

The neighborhood was pitch-black and covered a thick fog that blew by the vaporizer.

             

All around was pitch-dark and we ware covered with a deep fog.

We walked along the way of grazing land in faint moonlight.

At that time the sound of the bell could be heard in the distance.

It was the bell attached to the head of some cattle.

Each pitch-black farmhouse began to light an electric light. 

The town became at the time of waking.

写真１はドイツ南部にある白鳥城で有名なフュッセンに向かう途中です。

夕方、雨が今にも降り出そうとしていましたが、遠くに夕焼けが見えていました。

明日は晴れるだろう。

次ぎの日の朝、私達夫婦は5時に起きて、湖の方に向かって散歩に出ました。

辺りは真っ暗で、濃厚な霧が立ち込めていました。

街灯の無い放牧地の道を微かな月明かりを下に歩いていると、遠くから鈴を揺らす音が聞こえます。

それは牛の首に付いている鈴だったのです。

真っ暗な農家に一つ一つと電灯が点り始めた。目覚めを迎えたようです。

<  Phot.2  sunrise  >

<  Phot.3  sunrise, a castle in the distance  >

<  Phot.4  sunrise,  roadside tree  >

<  Phot.5  morning, the Alps   >

<  Phot.6  morning, cattle grazing  >

The sky begins to turn bright soon. The first is the phot.2.

Time that I had taken the photograph (from 2 to 6) was within one hour.

The grass of the pasture, the snowcapped mountains, the trees, and the sky changed tone every moment.

The air changed from the thing containing humidity to fresh cool.

Swan castle (Schloss Neuschwanstein ) is found small white to the center of a hillside in the photographs 3 and 6.

The photograph 7 is a town of Füssen.

The photograph 8 is the lake where I went to the walk.

<  Phot.7   a town of Füssen  >

<  Phot.8   the lake where I went to the walk  >

I was able to feel the breath of the exotic life through the walk of night and a morning.

やがて空が白み始めます。その最初が写真２です。

私が写真２から６までを撮った時間は1時間以内でした。

雪を被った山々、牧場の草、木々、空は刻々と色合いを変えて行きます。

空気は湿気を含んだものから、さわやかな冷気へと変化していきました。

写真３と６の山腹中央に白鳥城ノイシュバンシュタインが白く小さく見えます。

夜と朝の散歩を通じて、私は異国の生活の息吹を感じることが出来ました。