Birth of primitive art 1４ ： People who made first fine arts ３

＜　Rock-Art、Four hunters and a leader、south-eastern Spain、8000 years ago　＞

This time, the change that occurred in Cro-Magnons heart is evident from the burial and the fine arts.

I examine the thing that the change brought, and also the cause.

Last time, although we looked at the influence of their settlement, it is more important that rich contacts increased into the family or the group.

Influence good for child rearing must have come out first.

When they gathered together, they probably enjoyed a long talk like present-day hunter-gatherers.

This probably grew their intelligence, language, and their culture.

Probably, this is one of the reasons in which Neanderthal who used fire and had language functions (cerebral language field and throat structure) lost battles with Cro-Magnon.

　

今回は、クロマニヨン人の心に起きた変化を埋葬と美術から読み取ります。

その変化がもたらしたもの、さらに原因について考察します。

前回、定住の影響を見ましたが、さらに重要なのは、家族や集団に濃密な時間が増えたことです。先ず育児に良い影響が出たはずです。また現代の狩猟採集民のように、集えば長話を楽しんだことだろう。これは知能と言語を発達させ、文化発展を促しただろう。火を扱い言語機能（脳の言語野と喉構造）を有したネアンデルタール人が、クロマニヨン人との生存競争に負けた理由の一つがここにあるのだろう。

＜　reconstruction of a burial, a ruins in Russia, 28000～20000 years ago, by Don's Maps　＞

What happened to Cro-Magnons family?

A 13-year-old boy lies on the left of the figure, and an 8-year-old girl lies on the right.

They dressed with protections against the cold from head to tip of foot entirely.

Splendid spears made of ivory and the necklace of beads, etc. were added in large quantities.

This burial clarifies the difference between Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon.

Although Neanderthal also buried one person, they didn't bury small child or more than one person.

Cro-Magnon performed a burial of mother and child for the first time in the cave in Israel at 90,000 years ago.

After that, the burial examples such as two small children and three adults increased in Eurasia from 40,000 years ago.

They began to be strongly conscious of the bonds of mother and child, a family, and a group.

Probably, respecting for maternity added on prayer of fertility, and it led to Venus statue and next mother goddess worship.

クロマニヨン人の家族に何が起きたのか。

図の右に８歳の少女と左に13歳の少年が横たわっている。彼らは頭から足先まで防寒具を着せられ、象牙製の立派な槍やビーズのネックレスなどが大量に副葬されていた。

この埋葬にネアンデルタール人とクロマニヨン人と違いが明瞭に出ている。

ネアンデルタール人も埋葬を行っていたが幼児や複数葬はほとんどなかった。クロマニヨン人は9万年前のイスラエルのカフゼー洞窟で母子二体の埋葬を初めて行い、その後、幼児二体、成人三体などの組合せ例がユーラシアで４万年前以降増加する。彼らは母子や家族、集団の絆を強く意識し始めた。母性への敬いが豊穣への祈りに加わり、ビーナス像、後の地母神崇拝へと繋がったのだろう。

Originally, because hunter-gatherers have several problems in life with a lot of people, they dispersed easily. Similarly, they are hesitant to settle down.

Something that controls this minus feeling and advances must have happened in their heart.

Although advanced technology and intelligence were indispensable to adaptation to arctic cold, unless the bonds of family or group arose strongly, the epoch would not have happen.

But, gradually woman and magician are expressed carefully, and group behavior such as the hunting that was shown a prefatory picture came to be drawn in the last stage.

Furthermore, mother and child and the women who danced were also drawn.

On the other hand, drawing carefully game animals decreased.

元来、狩猟採集民は、大勢での生活は問題が多く離散しやすく、定住も同様に抵抗がある。この感情を抑制し前進させる何かが彼らの心に起こったはずである。極寒への適応には高度な技術と知能が不可欠だが、家族や集団を結びつける感情が強く沸き上がらないと画期は起こらなかった。

ヨーロッパの氷河期美術を概観すると、最初、人間、特に男は稚拙（丸に点）に描かれていた。しかし徐々に女性と魔術師が丁寧に表現され、末期には巻頭図のような狩りなどの集団行動が描かれるようになった。さらに母子や踊る女性達も描かれた。一方で狩猟動物を丁寧に描くことは減っていった。

＜　Brain of modern humans, a red mark is group of neurons A10（VTA）、by CMAJ　＞

What happened to Cro-Magnons brain?

Neurotransmitter dopamine is widely secreted from A10 for a long time in large quantities, especially to the frontal lobe.

Although neurotransmitters are tens of kinds, a dopamine is called a pleasure substance, and have a role to maintain a feeling of happiness and romantic feeling strongly.

A10 is like the big faucet that only human beings have.

The frontal lobe takes the central role on planning, conforming to a social norm, controlling feelings, and the consciousness is in it.

When dopamine is secreted into it, people continue to have strong motivation.

In this way, the epoch happened, didn’t it?

The background in which primitive fine arts arose in Europe was the interaction of global environment and human-beings evolution, and the interaction of their intelligence and the settlement in a group.

Furthermore the brain and the gene were deeply concerned with it.

Next time, we will look at some mystery of primitive fine arts.

脳に何が起きたのか？

A10から神経伝達物質ドーパミンが広範囲、特に前頭葉に大量かつ長時間分泌される。神経伝達物質は数十種類あるが、ドーパミンは快楽物質と呼ばれ、幸福感や恋愛感情を強く持続させる働きがある。このA10は人類だけが持っている大きな蛇口のようなものです。

前頭葉は、計画、社会規範遵守、感情抑制などの働きを担い、意識もここにあります。ここにドーパミンが分泌されると、長期的で強い動機付けが行われます。このようにして画期は起こったのでしょうね。

ヨーロッパで原初美術が誕生した背景には、地球環境と人類進化、集団による定住と知能の相互作用、さらに脳と遺伝子が深く関わっていたのです。

次回からは、まだ解明されていない原初美術の謎に迫ります。