Birth of primitive art 12 ： People who made first fine arts １

＜　a reconstruction of Dolni Vestonice ruin, Czech Republi, about 29000 years ago, by Don’s Maps

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From now on, we will explore the meaning and mystery at the birth of primitive arts.

First, we first approach people who made origin fine arts.

It will clarify the reason that people made art bloom on this place and at this time.

This time, it shows the situation in which human beings had been deploying to each continent.

これからは原初美術誕生の意味と謎を探ります。

原初美術を誕生させた人々に迫ります。

人々が、なぜこの地に、またこの時期に芸術を開花させたのかを明らかにします。

今回は、現世人類の各大陸への展開を追います。

＜　Journey of human beings  ＞

 The map shows the situation in which human beings deployed to each continent.

The lines and the arrows show the representative root and each initial period.

The map simplified ”JOURNEY OF MANKIND” (with Bradshaw Foundation and 0ppenheimer).

Human beings branched from the ancestor of the chimpanzee about 5 million years ago in Africa, and as new species of it were born any number of times after that, but almost became extinct.

About 40,000 years ago, modern humans (Cro-Magnon) went into Europe.

Soon, Neanderthal that was indigenous inhabitants became extinct.

It is presupposed by archaeological proof that the author of the primitive arts in Europe was Cro-Magnon mostly.

地図は、我らの直系の祖先（現世人類）が、世界各地に移住していった様子を示す。

線と矢印は最初期の移動時期と代表的な経路を、数値は千年前を示す。

この図はJOURNEY OF MANKIND (Bradshaw Foundationと0ppenheimer氏製作)を簡略化したものです。

我々人類は約５００万年前にチンパンジーの祖先からアフリカで分岐し、その後、幾度も新しい種が誕生しては絶滅していった。

現世人類（クロマニヨン人）は約４万年前、ヨーロッパに進入して来ると、先住のネアンデルタール人は絶滅した。

ヨーロッパの原初美術の担い手は、考古学的な証拠により、ほぼクロマニヨン人だとされている。

＜　Transition of the average temperature during 160,000 years　＞

The time when human beings immigrated to each continent was influenced by climate.

The general lowering of sea level by the cooling enabled that they go into Asia, Australia and next Japan, and North American continent.

Conversely, the warming changed desert and ice sheet into prairie, and it enabled that they go into Europe, next Northern Europe, and Africa and South American continent.

This is one of the reasons that the commencing time of the primitive arts have varied.

Growth and decay of the fine arts in Europe was influenced by climate.

The statue of Venus was made in large numbers from 32000 to 25000 years ago. Wonderful cave mural paintings, such as Lascaux and Altamira, were made from 19000 to 15000 years ago.

Ice sheet expanded most between both the periods in 21000 years ago.

When warming advanced rapidly, the fine arts declined quickly, and it had been lost until the Celtic bronze ware culture began.

人類が各大陸へ移住した時期は気候に左右された。

寒冷化による海面低下は、アジアやオーストラリア、後の日本やアメリカ大陸への進入を可能にした。

また温暖化は、砂漠や氷床を草原に変え、ヨーロッパへの進入、後の北欧進入、アフリカとアメリカ大陸南下を可能にした。

このことが原初美術の開始時期にバラツキが出た理由の一つです。

またヨーロッパの美術の興隆は気候に左右された。

ビーナス像が３２～２５千年前に大量に造られた。ラスコーやアルタミラ等のすばらしい洞窟壁画は１９～１５千年前に造られた。氷床は21000年前, 両期間の間で最も広がりました。

その後、温暖化が急激に進行すると美術は急速に衰え、ケルトの青銅器文化が始まるまで消えたままだった。

＜　Vegetation of the last glacial maximum LGM (21,000 years ago), by PNAS ＞

Central Europe of this period was covered with snow and ice in winter, and grass in summer.

Africa and India were dry than now.

The northwestern part (Kimberley neighborhood) of Australia approximated to Southeast Asia across a strait, also was forests.

 also had the neighborhood and a across and a strait.

The northwestern part (Kimberley neighborhood) of Australia approximated to Southeast Asia across a strait, also was forests.

Japan was connected with the continent in part and was covered with the forest than now.

Human beings were not able to go south, because North America was covered with the glacier.

The period before and behind this became a little warm and human beings became easy to live and migrate.

In this way, the primitive fine arts flowered at the migrated place.

Next time, we will look at the life of Cro-Magnon man in Europe, and some factor of birth of fine arts also.

この極寒期の中央ヨーロッパは、冬に氷雪、そして夏に草に覆われた。

アフリカとインドは今より乾燥していた。

オーストラリアの北西部（キンバリー辺り）は東南アジアと海峡を挟んで近く、森林もあった。

日本は大陸と一部繋がっており、今より森林に覆われていた。

北アメリカは氷河で覆われており、人類は南進することが出来なかった。

この前後の期間は少し温暖で、人類は移動と生活がしやすかった。

こうして、原初美術はその移住先で花開くことになった。

次回は、ヨーロッパのクロマニヨン人の生活ぶりを見て、美術誕生の要因を探ります。