Colored leaves in Nara 3 : Tanzan-Jinja shrine

 

＜　13 story towers have been buried in colored leaves.　＞

On the afternoon of November 17, I visited Tanzan-Jinja Shrine of Nara.

Some clouds floated in the blue sky, and autumn sunlight shone on the mountains.

Colored leaves were just at their peak.

This trip ends at this time.

11月17日午後、奈良の談山神社を訪れました。

少し雲が流れる碧い空、秋の日射しが山一面に降り注いでいました。

今まさに、紅葉真っ盛りでした。

今回の１泊2日の旅はこれで終わりです。

＜　stairs, a front shrine and a towered gate　＞

I passed through a shrine gate, and ascended the stairs being among green trees.

When I looked up upper right, I could see the red front shrine.

鳥居を抜け、緑の木々に囲まれた階段を抜けると赤い拝殿が右手上方に見えて来た。

＜　 an outside corridor of the front shrine　＞

There was the vermilion of the front shrine, the verdigris of hanging lanterns, the trees beginning to turn autumn colors, blue mountain range.

And the exquisite quartet was performed.

拝殿の朱、吊灯籠の緑青、色づき始めた木々、青い山並み、絶妙な4重奏が迫ります。

＜　the view from the front shrine　＞

＜　the main shrine on the left side　＞

＜　13 story towers and a temple　＞

＜　various colored leaves　　＞

＜　The Seven-Five-Three Festival ”七五三”　＞

It is good that a girl wearing holiday clothes smiles and the mother cares for a boy earnestly.

晴れ着を着た子供の笑顔と母親の真剣な眼差しが良い。

＜　The cover shot and a map of the precincts ＞

In Europe, I thought it enviable to have a long-term conception ability that spent hundreds of years on cathedral construction.

On the other hand, there was a large-scale landscape composition that was made in consideration of four seasons, in the precincts of many temples in Kyoto and Nara.

In order that cherry trees in spring and autumnal leaves in autumn may delight worshiper's eyes, it have been skillfully allotted to the precincts of the temple.

Growth of trees that wrap large precincts and high buildings in a temple takes hundreds of years.

In Japan, there will also be a long-term conception ability that cultivates a natural landscape and borrows landscape.

ヨーロッパでは、大聖堂建築に数百年を費やす遠大な構想力に私は羨ましく思っていました。

一方、京都や奈良の神社仏閣の境内には四季を考慮した大規模な景観構成があった。

春は桜、秋は紅葉が、参拝者の目を楽しませるように、それらが境内に大量に巧みに配されている。

広い境内と高い建造物を包み込む木々の成長には数百年を要する。

日本には自然景観を育て、借景するという長期的な構想力があることになる。

Colored leaves in Ｎara ２： Hase-dera Temple

 

＜　Deva gate “仁王門”　＞

On November 17, I visited Hase-dera Temple of Nara.

It was cloud thinly, but sunlight was warm.

There were little colored leaves between the deva gate, long stairs, and a main hall that was on top.

When I saw a five-story tower from the stage of the main hall, autumnal leaves had shined at green leaves.

11月１７日、奈良の長谷寺を訪れました。

薄く雲がかかっていましたが、日射しは温かった。

仁王門から長い登廊を上り、一番上の本堂まではあまり紅葉はなかった。

本堂の舞台から五重塔の方を見ると、緑の中に紅葉が映えていました。

＜　long stairs　＞

＜　I saw a five-story tower from the stage distantly. ＞

＜　I looked down at the grounds of the temple and the temple town from the stage.　＞

＜　A principal image can be seen in the inner part of the main hall.   ＞

This image is eleven-faced Kannon Bosatu(Bodhisattva) statue which has no less than 12m in height.

本像は高さ１２ｍもある木彫りの十一面観音菩薩立像です。

＜　various colored leaves　　＞

＜　An ancient guardian deity of a small temple.　＞

Still, autumnal leaves will be not at their peak.

People were enjoying the end of autumn, and the autumnal leaves of the trees allotted to the precincts of the temple.

There were families that were together with their little child, lovers, mother and daughter, various groups, and people that were busy with photography in the precincts of the temple.

On the other hand, the Buddhist priests were reading some sutras in front of the golden Kannon statue in the main hall.

紅葉はまだ盛りではなかった。

人々は、秋の終わり、境内に配された木々の紅葉を楽しんでいた。

小さい子供連れの家族、恋人同士、母娘、様々なグループ、写真撮影に忙しい人々が境内を抜けていった。

一方、本堂では金色の観音様を前にお坊さんが読経をあげていた。

Colored leaves in Ｎara １： Muro-ji temple

I visited Muro-ji Temple, Hase-dera Temple, Tanzan-jinja Shrine on November 16 or 17, 2013.

I introduce two Buddhist temples, a Shinto shrine and the colored leaves of the mountain in three parts.

I introduce Muro-ji temple of Nara today.

Silent mountains and woods had surrounded the temple.

Moon had glittered in a night sky.

Autumnal leaves had come to the front by lighting.

There were thrilling beauties.

When I had been going up stairs, my body warmed up, and the chill was comfortable.

2013年11月16、17日、室生寺、長谷寺、談山神社を訪れました。

３回に分けて、寺社仏閣と山の紅葉を紹介します

今日は奈良県宇陀市にある室生寺を紹介します。

深閑とした山と森に囲まれた寺、

夜空に冴える月、

ライトに照らし出される紅葉、

息を呑む美しさがそこにはありました。

階段を上がっていると体が暖まり、冷気が心地よかった。

＜ If I cross the bridge, I arrive at the Muro-ji temple immediately.　＞

＜　from the temple gate to the stairs　＞

＜　five-story tower　＞

The night illumination just began at this day.

The pick-up bus bound for the temple went from hotel ”美榛苑” at where we had stayed.

The peak of autumnal leaves seems to be one week later.

ちょうどこの日から、ライトアップが始まりました。

宿泊した美榛苑から送迎バスが出ていました。

紅葉の盛りは、1週間後のようです。

写真撮影は三脚持参で。

History of sickness and medical art １４： It originated in ancient Egypt

＜　A boy hold a mandragora in his hand.　＞

This time, I pursue three mysterious things: mandragora, a circumcision, and pork evasion.

Mandragora（mandrake）

This is a nightshade that was used as a painkiller in Egypt.

On the movie "Harry Potter", a mandragora was grown as a miracle drug that break the magic spell.

In "Romeo and Juliet", it appeared as a medicine that brought suspended animation.

Since this plant had high virulence, it brought about hallucination, and the rhizome resembled a human form, from ancient times, diverse legends was born.

今回は、三つの不思議なもの、マンドラゴラ、割礼、豚肉忌避の起源を追います。

マンドラゴラ（マンドレイク）

これはエジプトで鎮痛剤として使われていたナス科の植物です。

映画「ハリ・ポッター」では、マンドラゴラは魔法を解く妙薬として栽培されていた。

「ロミオとジュリエット」では仮死をもたらす薬として登場した。

この植物は強毒性を持ち、幻覚症状をもたらし、さらにその根茎が人型に似ることもあり、古来より様々な伝説を生んでいた。

＜　A art work in the 15 century: a mandragora is visible to the upper left　＞

Mandragora was regarded as the precious material of a magic medicine, a tonic, and an elixir of life.

But, since it was thought that the harvest was dangerous, they made a dog draw out it, as shown in the picture.

 “The mandrakes give forth fragrance. At our doors are all kinds of precious fruits, new and old, which I have stored up for you, my beloved.” the Song of Solomon7-14

It is written as the plant that has the effect of fertilizing in the Old Testament.

マンドラゴラは魔法薬、精力剤、不老不死薬の貴重な材料とされていたが、収穫には危険が伴うと考えられ、図のように犬に引き抜かせた。

「恋なすは、かおりを放ち、もろもろの良きくだものは、新しいのも古いのも共にわたしたちの戸の上にある。わが愛する者よ、わたしはこれをあなたのためにたくわえました。」旧約雅歌7章14節

旧約では受胎効果のある植物として書かれている。

＜　A circumcision of Christ in a picture of the 17th century　＞

Circumcision

The circumcision was required for Judaist.

However, the history was old and it has been already drawn on an Egyptian mural in 2300 years B.C.

割礼

割礼はユダヤ教徒にとって必須だった。

しかしその歴史は古く、紀元前２３００年のエジプトの壁画に既に描かれていた。

＜　Three flamens are doing two boys a ceremony of a circumcision.　＞

In many parts of the world from time immemorial, the circumcision was carried out as a rite of passage to a young man, and it doubled as hygiene.

In Egypt, it was common for the lower class from old times, after 1 millennium B.C., the flamens were obliged to carry out it.

In Judaism, this was caught strictly, and it was preached in Genesis that boys have to perform it on the eighth day after being born.

Although this was taken over to Islam, St. Paul exempted the pagan from it, and Christianity became a better position to spread.

古くから世界各地で、衛生も兼ねて青年への通過儀礼として割礼は行われていた。

エジプトでは古くから下層階級でも一般的で、紀元前１千年紀以降、神官には義務付けられた。

ユダヤ教では、これを厳格に捉え、創世記において男子は産まれてから8日目に行うことが説かれた。

これはイスラム教に引き継がれたが、パウロがこれを免除し、キリスト教は異教徒に広まった。

＜　Set: the head was expressed in a pig or jackals.　＞

Evasion of pork

Although pig began to be bred all over the world from old times, since it was not suitable for pasturage, it was restricted to the settlement farmland.

In Egypt, it was often eaten in Nile Delta which agriculture was prosperous in, but was rare in the upstream of Nile.

Some King dedicated several thousand pigs to a shrine.

After Egypt was unified by a King of the upstream, Osiris of its guardian deity gradually became an important God.

Set that was expressed with the head of a pig opposed Osiris.

豚肉の忌避

豚は世界中で古くから飼養され始めたが、放牧に適さなかったので、定住農耕地帯に限られた。

エジプトでも、農耕が盛んなナイル・デルタではよく食べられていたが、上流では希であった。

王が神殿に数千頭の豚を奉納することもあった。

上流の王によってエジプトが統一されると、その守護神オシリスが徐々に重要な神になっていく。

豚の頭で表現されるセト神はオシリスと敵対していた。

＜　Set: the head was expressed in a pig or jackals.　＞

After one millennium B.C., the flamens were prohibited from eating pork, and the nobles begun to evade it.

On the other hand, Israel was also hostile to Ball that was a God of agriculture in Phoenicia.

It led to edible prohibition of pork in Leviticus of the Old Testament

The reason for the prohibition was that the appearance was ugly, gives off a bad smell, was dirty, an animal for meat, and a sacrifice beast of paganism.

This commandment was taken over to Islam of nomadic herders.

やがて紀元前１千年紀以降、神官は豚肉を禁じられ、貴族達も忌避し始めた。

一方、イスラエルも、フェニキアの農耕神バアルを敵視していた。

それが旧約レビ記において、豚肉の食用禁止につながった。

禁止の理由は、外観が醜悪、悪臭を放ち、不潔で、食肉用動物、異教の犠牲獣だったからです。

この戒律が遊牧民のイスラム教に取り入れらることになった。

Travel to South Korean３: Andong Hahoe folk village“安東河回村”２

 

＜　Buyongdae Cliff: Here is often used for filming.　＞

I also introduce Andong Hahoe folk village to you this time.

今回も安東河回村を紹介します。　

＜　Sacred tree of 600 years old is in the center of the village.　＞

The stately homesteads had been spreading in the shape of radiation with a focus on here.

ここを中心に屋敷は放射線状に広がっていった。

＜　Bukchondaek“北村家” is a bigger house：by「韓国精神文化の首都、安東へようこそ！」in English or Japanese　＞

 

＜　Bukchondaek：I saw right and left from the gate.　＞

I introduce the culture.

文化を紹介します

＜　Hahoe Mask Dance Drama ”河回別神グッタルノリ”　　＞

Upper photo: an apostate priest and a female entertainer

Lower photo: masks with each portrait

This mask dance drama was performed in order to offer to the guardian deity of this village.

This mask is a woodcarving, has a rich expression very much, and there is the thing in which the lower jaw moves.

It is interesting to keenly satirize the Yangban and the apostate priest.

It gives an air of inclusion of the Yanban.

上：破戒僧と芸妓。

下：人物像毎の仮面。

この仮面劇は、この村の守護神に捧げる為（別神祭）に行われていた。

この仮面は木彫りで、実に表情が豊かで、下顎が動くものもある。

おもしろいのは、破戒僧と両班を鋭く風刺していることです。

両班の懐の深さを感じさせる。

＜　The small hole which there is beside the gate of the Yangban　＞

A farmer was able to get rice from this hole at the time of famine.

The hole is a size into which one hand barely passes, and the farmer cannot take many.

農民は、飢饉の時この穴からお米を貰っていくことが出来た。

穴は一本の手がギリギリ入る大きさで、多くは取れない。

I wondered at something.

When I walked this village, the beginning, I had some sense of incongruity.

It is because this small village had difference between poverty and wealth.

Let's look at the difference between this village and some medieval villages of the world that I already introduced.

不思議に思ったこと

始め、私はこの村を歩いている時、少し違和感を持ちました。

それはこの小さな村に大きな家格（貧富）の差があったからです。

既に紹介した世界の中世集落と安東河回村との違いを見てみましょう。

A: Japan, Nagasaki Prefecture, the samurai residence of Chiran, about 300 years before.

The samurai residences are tidily located in a line.

B: Japan, Gifu Prefecture, Shirakawa-gou, about 300 years before.

Many farmhouses of the same structure as the riverside have stood in a line.

C: Czechoslovakia, Cesky krumlov, about 300 years before.

The winding river surrounds the town that had a public square in center.

D: China, Fujian Tulou(clay tower), about 200 years before.

All the rooms of a building like a fort were the same sizes.

A：日本、長崎県、知覧の武家屋敷、約３００年前。

武家屋敷が整然と並んでいる。

B：日本、岐阜県,白川郷、約３００年前。

川の側に同じ構造の農家が並んでいる。

C：チェコ、チェスキー・クルムロフ、約３００年前。

広場を中心にした街は蛇行した川に囲まれている。

D：中国、福建省の田螺杭土楼、約２００年前。

砦のような建物の中の部屋は皆、同じ大きさでした。

I noticed something.

What do the mask dance drama with satirizing and the smaller hole for almsgiving mean?

Probably there is some kind of sentiment between the villager (farmer and servant) and the Yangban, and the people mutually admit, allow, and exercise moderation.

Even if there was a clear classism, it seems that there was the culture that the people lives without keeping away mutually.

Between neighboring Korea and Japan, the difference in culture that was caused by each history made different state of the village in this way.

気がついたこと

風刺の効いた仮面劇、施しの小さめの穴は何を意味するのだろうか？

村人（農民や奉公人）と両班には、互いに節度を守り、認め、許し合う心情があるのではないだろうか。

明確な階級差はあっても、互いに遠ざけず共に暮らす文化があるように、私には思えた。

隣国の韓国と日本の間にも、それぞれの歴史を背負った文化の違いが、このように村の有り様を異なったものにしているようです。