Bring peace to the Middle East! 55: when religions were born 3: Christianity

中東に平和を！ ５５：　宗教が誕生する時　３：　キリスト教

< 1. Jesus carrying a cross on his back >
＜　１．十字架を背負うイエス　＞

This time, I investigate the birth of Christianity.

今回はキリスト教の誕生を追います。

The times when Jesus was born
Foreign rulers, Alexander the Great and the Roman Empire respected Judaism, and it was able to remain.
In fact, it was in name only.
The priests in the temple were connected to royalty and titled nobility, cooperated with the Rome Empire, and pushed forward Hellenization.
On the other hand, a religious community aimed to back to the source and advocated an emphasis on the Low, and they strongly opposed the former.

In addition to this opposition, a dissatisfaction toward a rule of the Rome and an expanding disparity in wealth blew up, and Palestine in the first century entered the period of war.
Radical religious communities and independent factions rose in arms, and robber bands came to frequently appear in each place.
In addition, a lot of persons who represented themselves as a savior in each place appeared.


イエスが生まれた時代
異国の支配者、アレクサンダー大王もローマ帝国もユダヤ教に敬意を表し、ユダヤ教は存続出来た。
だが、その内実は形骸化していた。
神殿の祭司達は王侯貴族と繋がり、ローマに協力しギリシャ化を進めた。
それに対して原点回帰を目指し、律法重視を訴える教団などが勃興し強く対立した。

この対立に加えて、ローマの支配、貧富の差拡大への不満が爆発し、紀元１世紀のパレスチナは争乱へと突き進んだ。
過激な教団や独立派が武装蜂起し、各地で盗賊団も跋扈するようになった。
また各地で救世主を自称する者が多数出現した。




< 2.  People in the fort of Masada died a heroic death  >
＜　２．　壮絶な最期を遂げたマサダの砦　＞

In 66 A.D., the Jewish radicals caused a riot, and the revolt spread through the whole land.
The Roman forces devoted so many troops to it and exterminated the rebel army and destroyed the Jerusalem thoroughly.
At last, the Jewish people was ousted from the Palestine, and completely lost their own country.
The Judaism could escape from the ban of their religion, but came to be not able to operate in the Jerusalem.

紀元６６年、ユダヤの過激派が暴動を起こし、反乱は全土に広がった。
ローマ軍は大軍を投じて反乱軍を殲滅しエルサレムを徹底的に破壊した。
ついにユダヤ民族はパレスチナから追放され、完全に国を失った。
ユダヤ教は禁教を逃れたが、エルサレムで活動が出来なくなった。


The act of Jesus
Jesus strictly criticized the priests and corruption of the temple and objected to the emphasis on the Low of the reformist.
He went around to teach and preach for two years and got ardent believers and the Apostles.
I think he did not deny the Judaism but appealed the reform.

However, the priests and authorities regarded the Jesus as dangerous, and executed him.

イエスの行い
イエスはユダヤ教の祭司や神殿の腐敗を厳しく非難し、また改革派の律法重視にも反対した。
彼は２年間ほど民衆に宣教して回り、熱烈な信者や使徒を得た。
彼はユダヤ教を否定したのではなく、改革を訴えたのだと思う。
しかし、ユダヤ教の祭司と権力者層はイエスを危険視し処刑した。




<  3.  apostle Paul >
＜　３．　使徒パウロ　＞


Afterwards
After the death of Jesus, the teaching expanded to the west by the activity of the Apostles.
Apostle Paul claimed that a revival of the Jesus would soon happen while he had promoted the propagation to pagans.
He said that the subordination to an emperor did not contradict your faith in the one God.
His activity and guidance became a cornerstone which developed Christianity into a world religion.

After intense oppression, in A.D. 313, the Roman Empire assumed the Christianity the state religion.


その後
イエスの死後、使徒などの活躍によって教えは西方に広まった。
使徒パウロは、異教徒への布教を推し進める中で、イエスの復活が近いうちに起こると訴えた。
彼はまた唯一神への信仰と皇帝への従属は矛盾しないとした。
彼の活躍と先導がキリスト教を世界宗教へと発展させる礎となった。

激しい弾圧の後、ローマ帝国は紀元３１３年にキリスト教を国教とした。


Birth of the Bible
After the half of a century when Jesus died, the New Testament was made by the letters of Apostles that were edited to convey the words and acts and the teaching of the Jesus.
The Old Testament took a role of a prophecy that Jesus is a savior.


聖書の誕生
新約聖書は、イエスの死後半世紀を経て、イエスの言行と教えを伝える為に使途達の手紙などが編纂され誕生した。
旧約聖書はイエスが救世主だとする預言書の役割を担うことになった。


Point of the Christianity 
The most epoch-making doctrine seems to be "Repent" and "Love neighbors".
This means that the important point moved to "mind" of each person from "law" imposed on the person.
This viewpoint was common among religions and thoughts that was born in the world around 500 B.C., such as Confucianism, Buddhism, and Greek philosophy.
The Christianity had been affected by the Greek thought from the early days to the Middle Ages.
During the process of Christianity's developing in Rome, Christianity compromised with the emperor (politics), but the Pope had almost separated from the emperor.
The Christianity had law, but the Rome already had developed the state law, and the both laws were applied at the same time, too.

This continues the next time.


キリスト教のポイント
この教義で画期的なのは「悔い改め」や「隣人を愛せよ」でしょう。
これは、課せられた「律法」から、各自の「心」に重点が移ったことを意味します。
この視点は、儒教、仏教、ギリシャ哲学などのように紀元前５００年頃に世界で誕生した宗教や思想に共通するものでした。
キリスト教は初期から中世までギリシャ思想の影響を受けた。

キリスト教はローマで発展する過程で皇帝（政治）と妥協していくことになったが、概ね教皇と皇帝とは分立した。
キリスト教も法を有したが、既にローマは独自に法を発展させており、これも並立することになる。

次回に続く。